What is HPV?
Papillomavirus genital infection is a sexually transmitted infection (PPI).The causal agent of papillomavirus infection is human papillom viruses (HPV).Human papilloma viruses are a group of viruses, which includes around 100 different types.More than 30 types of HPV are sexually transmitted, the genitals and the anus of women and men are infected.
Most infected people do not know their disease, do not have clinical manifestations and, moreover, can recover spontaneously.
Some of these viruses are called "high carcinogenic risk viruses", they can cause organic parties lesions.Recent studies have confirmed the main role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.High risk HPV also plays a role in the occurrence of vulva cancer, vagina in women and penis cancer in men.High -risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 types - These types of HPV are responsible for 95 to 98% of cases of cervical cancer.They cause an increase in abnormal cells, which is generally flat and almost invisible during the usual examination compared to benign warts, which are caused by low -risk viruses - 6, 11 types.The benign anogenital warts appear 2 to 6 months after the infection.On the development of precancerous or cancer changes associated with high -risk transport of HPV, the years leave for years and often a spontaneous remedy for HPV occurs.
The infection is the most frequent of 15 to 40 years and affects the same women and men.At 50 years of life, around 80% of women will acquire HPV infection.
About 50 to 75% of sexually active people are infected with HPV during their lives, and in most cases, infection does not cause disease and is hardy spontaneously.
About 90% of people infected with HIV also have a HPV infection.
How is the HPV transmitted
Human papillomas infection is transmitted by sex.Most infected have no visible manifestations of the disease and, therefore, HPV carriers do not know their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect a newborn baby during childbirth.This can lead to the So-appeal papillomatosis of the newborn larynx.
Infection manifestations
Most infected people do not know.HPV does not often cause any manifestation on the skin and mucous membranes.Part of the people develop sexual warts or precancerous changes on the collar, the vulva, the anal region or the penis.Very rarely, these changes go directly to cancer.From infection to the development of severe dysplasia, on average, 20 years pass.Most women are spontaneously healed for 9 to 15 months from the moment of infection.The main manifestation of papillomavirus infection is sexual warts or pointed condyloma (VPV 6 and 11 are caused) - soft wart formations on a short legs, resembling a colorful cabbage or a rooster crest with a different place (penis head, penis, lips, vagina, neck of the uterus, anus).The sharp condylomas appear 2 to 6 months after the infection.Visible condylomas are detected during the examination.
Infection diagnosis
Condyl diagnostics are made on the basis of the inspection.Diagnostics of the risk of high camphogen with HPV and related changes, a more difficult task.The diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the cervix at the base of many was based on a cytological analysis of the smear (study of a smear under a microscope).However, it has a number of significant drawbacks - complexity, low sensitivity and high frequency of vague results.The American Committee FDA (Committee of Medications and Foods) approved the study of HPV with the chain reaction method by polymerase - PCR, which can determine 13 high types of HPV risk.HPV PCR has high sensitivity, easy to execute.The joint use of cytological studies and PCR tests can considerably increase diagnostic efficiency, sensitivity increases to 99 to 100%.It is important that the identification of the high risk of HPV occurs well before the appearance of precancerous changes in the mucous membranes.
The search for PCR on high -risk HPV is recommended:
- - As a main method, in addition to cytology for women over 30 years of age.
- - To resolve the questionable results of cytological research.
- - Patients undergoing treatment for dysplasia or cancer.
- - At the first stage of diagnostics for countries where papillomavirus infection programs are poorly organized.
- - For men's examination.
Is it possible to cure this disease?
The diagnosis and treatment of STIs should be carried out under the conditions of a specialized clinic - an MCV, which has all the necessary means for a rapid and precise diagnosis.
There is no specific drug against HPV today.There are many methods of elimination of condyle, but the disease can come back again, because the virus remains in the human body.Relapses are possible in 25% of cases for 3 months after treatment.In the treatment of Condyl, an examination of sexual partners is necessary.However, the vast majority of sexual partners are infected with HPV and simply have no visible manifestations of the disease.
The treatment of precancerous diseases is the use of chemical, physical and other methods, in order to modify the structure of the affected areas of mucous membranes, as well as the use of drugs stimulating immunity.In the future, an annual cytological study and a determination of HPV are necessary by the PCR.
What is the link between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only the facts:
- High -risk papillomas viruses are the main cause of cervical cancer.
- In cases of severe dysplasia (prepare) and cervical cancer, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- The identification of HPV is associated with an increase of 250 times in the risk of severe dysplasia.
- College cancer takes first place among the causes of female mortality in developing countries.
- College cancer occupies 2nd place after breast cancer in women worldwide at 250,000 deaths per year.
- In Russia, 12,300 women receive cervical cancer each year and more than 6,000 patients die each year.
- Over the past 10 years, the average age of patients has increased from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under the age of 29, the incidence has increased twice.
- High -risk RPV is caused by cervical cancer in 100% of cases, anus cancer is 90%, vaginal cancer and vulva - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and oropharynx cancer in 12% of cases.
- The American Society of Cancer has been scheduled for 2004, which, in around 10,520 women, will develop cancer of the aggressive cervix and approximately 3,900 women will die from this disease.Most women with cervical cancer are not involved in the appropriate examination for HPV infection.
Infection prevention
The safest way to prevent HPV sexual infection is to abstain from any sexual contact with another person.
Long -term sex with a permanent sexual partner does not give a 100% warranty of HPV infection.It is difficult to determine without special tests, if a sexual partner is currently infected.
Latex male condoms, with appropriate use, reduce the risk of infection.
All manifestations, such as unpleasant pain or sensations when urinating it, an unusual rash, the exit is a signal to stop sexual contact and an immediate examination in a specialized clinic.If the patient was found by the STIs, he must inform his sexual partners so that they also undergo a complete examination and appropriate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of infection.